Published in PLOS One on 2026-04-21, this study is presented as an attributed evidence briefing. The excerpts below are the original researchers’ words, reproduced under their Creative Commons Attribution licence. Health Signal has selected the abstract and, where needed, opening background paragraphs; the complete methods, results, limitations and references remain in the linked paper.
Original authors: Abera Mulatu Uma, Shemsadin Ame, Segni Gemechu Hurisa, Mulu Kitaba Negawo, Sheka Shemsi Seid
Source: PLOS One • DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0341812
Read the complete primary study ↗ · Creative Commons Attribution licence
From the researchers
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life‑saving intervention for patients unable to maintain adequate oxygenation or ventilation. However, MV is also associated with complications such as ventilator‑associated pneumonia, lung injury, and prolonged ICU stay, which may increase morbidity and mortality. Previous studies in Ethiopia and the region are limited and do not fully address key predictors of clinical outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients. Objective: To assess clinical outcomes and associated factors among mechanically ventilated patients in adult intensive care units at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, and in2024.
A retrospective cross‑sectional study was conducted among 411 randomly selected medical records of mechanically ventilated adult patients. Data were extracted using a structured and pretested tool. Statistical analysis included bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.25 were entered into the multivariable model, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were reported.
Of the 411 reviewed patient charts, 215 (52.3%) were male with a mean age of 36.9 ± 16.2 years. The overall mortality rate was 54% (95% CI: 49.4–58.6). Significant predictors of mortality included hospital stay > 5 days before intubation (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.05–6.09), re‑intubation (AOR = 9.02, 95% CI: 4.07–20.01), presence of comorbidities (AOR = 9.12, 95% CI: 4.38–18.99), development of complications (AOR = 6.84, 95% CI: 3.15–14.81), multi‑organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.47–7.82), and use of sedation (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18–0.74).
Mechanically ventilated patients at Jimma Medical Center experience a high mortality rate. Key determinants of mortality were re‑intubation, comorbidities, complications, MODS, and delayed intubation. Improving ICU protocols, early identification of high‑risk patients, proper monitoring, and prevention of unplanned extubation may improve survival outcomes.
Introduction
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential life‑support intervention used when patients cannot maintain adequate gas exchange independently [1]. Despite its lifesaving benefits, MV is also associated with substantial risks, including ventilator‑associated pneumonia, barotrauma, hemodynamic instability, and prolonged ICU stay that may worsen clinical outcomes in critically ill patients [2–4]. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), these risks are often exacerbated by shortages of trained ICU staff, limited equipment, and delays in critical care interventions [5,6].
Globally, the burden of patients requiring mechanical ventilation is increasing, largely due to rising trauma, infectious diseases, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [7]. However, in Ethiopia, research on MV outcomes remains limited, with most available studies conducted in few urban tertiary centers and lacking comprehensive assessment of key determinants such as re‑intubation status, mode of ventilation, pre‑intubation clinical status and accessibility of assurances [8–14].
Reading this evidence
Use the full paper to check the study design, participant selection, comparator and outcome definitions before drawing a practical conclusion. An association does not by itself show cause and effect. A reported performance measure needs its denominator and uncertainty. A finding from a particular facility, sample or time period should retain that scope when it is discussed elsewhere.
This briefing makes the source accessible within the wider research & evidence desk. It does not assess an individual patient or certify a product. When considering relevance to another health system, examine the original authors’ account of context and limitations, then seek local implementation evidence. The related reporting below provides other studies to read alongside this one; it is a topic connection, rather than a claim that their results are directly comparable.
© 2026 Abera Mulatu Uma, Shemsadin Ame, Segni Gemechu Hurisa, Mulu Kitaba Negawo, Sheka Shemsi Seid. Excerpts reproduced under CC BY. Selection, formatting and contextual notes by Health Signal. The researchers are the authors of the source study, not members of Health Signal’s staff.
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