Published in PLOS One on 2025-12-12, this study is presented as an attributed evidence briefing. The excerpts below are the original researchers’ words, reproduced under their Creative Commons Attribution licence. Health Signal has selected the abstract and, where needed, opening background paragraphs; the complete methods, results, limitations and references remain in the linked paper.
Original authors: Fitsum Getachew, Demissie Assegu, Biniyam Kijineh, Bamlaku Tadege, Abayeneh Girma
Source: PLOS One • DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0337919
Read the complete primary study ↗ · Creative Commons Attribution licence
From the researchers
Abstract
STH and S. mansoni pose significant public health challenges in regions with inadequate sanitation. Existing research on S. mansoni intensity remains limited in the study area. S. mansoni diagnosis traditionally relies on the KK method, though the POC-CCA urine test offers a rapid alternative with high sensitivity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of S. mansoni and STH infections. It also evaluated the intensity of S. mansoni and compared the performance of the POC-CCA test to that of KK.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren in the Tulla district, Sidama region, from April to June 2024, using a purposive sampling approach. Data were collected through pre-structured questionnaires, and stool samples were analyzed using the KK method, while urine samples were analyzed with the POC-CCA technique. A logistic regression model was employed to examine potential associations between infections and risk factors, the Kappa statistic assessed agreement between tests, and the McNemar chi-square test compared the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods.
The prevalence of S. mansoni with two combined tests was 36.5% (20.1% by KK and 34.4% by POC-CCA). Activities like irrigation, swimming, and bathing showed significant associations with S. mansoni infection. The prevalence of STH was 48.8%, with A. lumbricoides (34%) as the most common, followed by T. trichuria (8.2%), hookworm (5.7%), Taenia species (1.3%), H. nana (0.6%), and E.vermicularis (0.2%). Factors like hand washing, fingernail trimming, lack of latrines, and educational status were significantly linked to STH infections. The POC-CCA test demonstrated higher sensitivity (89.6%) than the KK technique (McNemar test χ²m = 52.3, p < 0.001).
The moderate prevalence of S. mansoni and STH infections, coupled with socio-demographic factors, behaviours, hygiene practices, and sanitation issues associated with these infections, highlights the need for additional control measures beyond deworming. Implementing a highly sensitive POC- CCA test alongside the KK method in low-endemic areas could improve diagnostic accuracy and enhance disease management outcomes.
Introduction
Schistosoma and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) are worm infections that belong to the group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) [1]. Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) is a water-based, vector-borne parasite transmitted indirectly through freshwater snails [2]. People living in areas with inadequate water and sanitation systems are particularly susceptible to this most common and deadly infection [3]. Globally, schistosomiasis is recognized as endemic in 78 low- and middle-income countries in tropical and subtropical areas, estimated to affect more than 251 million people [4]. Furthermore, 243 million people require preventative chemotherapy, including 111 million school-age children, of which 226 million are in Africa [5]. It causes significant morbidity, with an estimated 1.4–3.3 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost annually due to its health impacts [6].
Reading this evidence
Use the full paper to check the study design, participant selection, comparator and outcome definitions before drawing a practical conclusion. An association does not by itself show cause and effect. A reported performance measure needs its denominator and uncertainty. A finding from a particular facility, sample or time period should retain that scope when it is discussed elsewhere.
This briefing makes the source accessible within the wider technology & industry desk. It does not assess an individual patient or certify a product. When considering relevance to another health system, examine the original authors’ account of context and limitations, then seek local implementation evidence. The related reporting below provides other studies to read alongside this one; it is a topic connection, rather than a claim that their results are directly comparable.
© 2025 Fitsum Getachew, Demissie Assegu, Biniyam Kijineh, Bamlaku Tadege, Abayeneh Girma. Excerpts reproduced under CC BY. Selection, formatting and contextual notes by Health Signal. The researchers are the authors of the source study, not members of Health Signal’s staff.
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