Published in PLOS One on 2026-02-20, this study is presented as an attributed evidence briefing. The excerpts below are the original researchers’ words, reproduced under their Creative Commons Attribution licence. HealthSignal has selected the abstract and, where needed, opening background paragraphs; the complete methods, results, limitations and references remain in the linked paper.
Original authors: Workagegnehu Hailu, Tadesse Asmamaw Dejene, Markeshaw Tiruneh, Meseret Derbew Molla, Eshetie Melese Birru, Shitaye Alemu, Tadesse Awoke, Francesca D'Addio
Source: PLOS One • DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0343210
Read the complete primary study ↗ · Creative Commons Attribution licence
From the researchers
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), mainly due to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease globally. However, DKD prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ethiopia, is underexplored, especially using reliable markers like quantified albuminuria and cystatin C based estimated glomerular equations (eGFR). This study aimed to assess DKD prevalence and associated factors using multiple diagnostic markers.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in adult T2DM patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital using systematic random sampling. Data on socio-demographics and lab parameters were collected, with DKD diagnosed via eGFR and/or albuminuria (spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour collection). SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis, and factors were identified through multivariable logistic regression, with significance at 95% CI and p < 0.05.
In a study of 204 T2DM patients (mean age 60.2 years; 57.4% female), the prevalence of DKD was 37.3% (95% CI: 30.6–44.3). Significant factors associated with DKD included urban residence (AOR = 0.278, p = 0.023), poor blood pressure control (AOR = 2.33, p = 0.016), poor glycemic control (AOR = 2.93, p = 0.007), and longer diabetes duration (AOR = 6.78, p < 0.0001).
This study shows a high prevalence of DKD in T2DM patients, mainly identified via albuminuria. Poor blood pressure control, inadequate glycemic control, and longer diabetes duration were significantly associated with DKD. Regular screening and improved glycemic and blood pressure control are essential to slow DKD progression.
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both [1]. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 537 million adults globally have diabetes, with projections reaching 783 million by 2045; over 75% of these individuals live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Ethiopia, the prevalence of diabetes among adults is estimated at 3.3%. [2]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 87% to 91% of the global diabetes burden [3,4].
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function lasting over three months that have health implications. it is classified based on the cause, GFR category (G1–G5), and albuminuria category (A1–A3) [5]. Nearly half of patients with T2DM develop diabetic kidney diseases(DKD)during their lifetime. Globally, DKD is the leading cause of CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), accounting for 50% of cases in developed countries [4,6].
DKD is defined as persistently elevated urine albumin excretion (albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥ 30 mg/g) and/or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) in individuals with diabetes mellitus, lasting for at least three months [5]. While DKD typically progresses from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria, there are diverse clinical presentations, with some patients experiencing renal function decline without albuminuria [7,8].
Reading this evidence
Use the full paper to check the study design, participant selection, comparator and outcome definitions before drawing a practical conclusion. An association does not by itself show cause and effect. A reported performance measure needs its denominator and uncertainty. A finding from a particular facility, sample or time period should retain that scope when it is discussed elsewhere.
This briefing makes the source accessible within the wider technology & industry desk. It does not assess an individual patient or certify a product. When considering relevance to another health system, examine the original authors’ account of context and limitations, then seek local implementation evidence. The related reporting below provides other studies to read alongside this one; it is a topic connection, rather than a claim that their results are directly comparable.
© 2026 Workagegnehu Hailu, Tadesse Asmamaw Dejene, Markeshaw Tiruneh, Meseret Derbew Molla, Eshetie Melese Birru, Shitaye Alemu, Tadesse Awoke, Francesca D'Addio. Excerpts reproduced under CC BY. Selection, formatting and contextual notes by HealthSignal. The researchers are the authors of the source study, not members of HealthSignal’s staff.
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